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<channel>
	<title>Peter Cramton</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu</link>
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		<title>Anatomy of a Failed &#8220;Auction&#8221; for Medicare Supplies</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2013/01/30/anatomy-of-a-failed-auction-for-medicare-supplies/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2013/01/30/anatomy-of-a-failed-auction-for-medicare-supplies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2013 00:11:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=960</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Today the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) set arbitrary prices for Medicare Durable Medical Equipment (DME) supplies based on CMS&#8217; flawed bidding process. It was not theÂ biddersÂ who set the prices, butÂ CMSÂ through its arbitrary manipulation of the quantities associated with each bidder. CMS was able to pick <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2013/01/30/anatomy-of-a-failed-auction-for-medicare-supplies/">Anatomy of a Failed &#8220;Auction&#8221; for Medicare Supplies</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Today the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) set arbitrary prices for Medicare Durable Medical Equipment (DME) supplies based on CMS&#8217; flawed bidding process. It was not theÂ <i>bidders</i>Â who set the prices, butÂ <i>CMS</i>Â through its arbitrary manipulation of the quantities associated with each bidder. CMS was able to pick any price between the lowest bid made by any bidder and the highest bid made by any bidder through its selection of quantities. The CMS-set quantities are never revealed and never used for anything but setting the price. This is why the CMS process is not an auction at all, but an arbitrary pricing process.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">The process may sound like administrative pricingâthe administrator is setting the priceâbut it is much worse, since rather than allowing any qualified supplier to supply at the CMS set price, only those who bid at or below the set price can participate. This restriction of who can supply is what creates the incentive for suicide bids and guarantees that CMS will have the opportunity to select prices as low as CMS believes are possible without market collapse. It is neither surprising nor impressive that CMS set prices that resulted in deep discounts from the current administrative prices (a 72 percent drop for mail-order diabetes and a 45 percent drop on average for other categories). The lower prices take effect in 1 July 2013. Time will tell whether CMS set the âright prices.â</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One thing is certain: these are not competitive prices set by the competitive bids of suppliers. And there is no basis to believe that the set of âwinningâ suppliers includes those who can supply quality goods and services at least cost. Both the prices and the set of winners were arbitrarily set by CMS without any explanation. On this all experts agree. It is difficult to imagine a more flawed process.</p>
<p>For more see <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Market Design word cloud</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/24/market-design-word-cloud/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/24/market-design-word-cloud/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Dec 2012 11:33:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=943</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>&#160;</p> <p>&#160;</p> <p>I created the following &#8220;Market Design&#8221; word cloud with a Google Scholar search &#8220;auction OR matching OR &#8216;market design&#8217;&#8221;. Then I eliminated words without content like the, or, and. The font size is proportional to the square-root of the word frequency. I used this as the Community Picture for the newly formed <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/24/market-design-word-cloud/">Market Design word cloud</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>I created the following &#8220;Market Design&#8221; word cloud with a Google Scholar search &#8220;auction OR matching OR &#8216;market design&#8217;&#8221;. Then I eliminated words without content like the, or, and. The font size is proportional to the square-root of the word frequency. I used this as the Community Picture for the newly formed Market Design Community on Google+.<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/24/market-design-word-cloud/market-design-word-cloud/" rel="attachment wp-att-942"><img class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-942" alt="market-design-word-cloud" src="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/market-design-word-cloud-851x1024.png" width="851" height="1024" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Update on Applicant Auction Conference</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/07/applicant-auction-conference-update/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/07/applicant-auction-conference-update/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Dec 2012 02:41:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gTLD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICANN]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=922</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear Applicants and other Stakeholders, If you are coming to Los Angeles for ICANN&#8217;s Prioritization Draw on December 17, I recommend that you stay another day and attend the Applicant Auction Conference at the nearby Marriott Santa Monica (a 20 minute taxi ride) on December 18. The all day conference (8:30 am to 5 <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/12/07/applicant-auction-conference-update/">Update on Applicant Auction Conference</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>Dear Applicants and other Stakeholders,</div>
<div></div>
<div>If you are coming to Los Angeles for ICANN&#8217;s Prioritization Draw on December 17, I recommend that you stay another day and attend the <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/aa/applicant-auction-conference.pdf">Applicant Auction Conference</a> at the nearby Marriott Santa Monica (a 20 minute taxi ride) on December 18. The all day conference (8:30 am to 5 pm) will provide an excellent opportunity for you to learn more about how best to resolve string contentions. While we will focus on the Applicant Auction plan, the content is highly relevant to any other private plan as well as the ICANN Last-Resort Auction. Thus, if you have a string in contention, you will benefit from participating.</div>
<div></div>
<div>A highlight of the event will be a highly realistic mock auction in which applicants compete in competitive auctions using the proposed design of the Applicant Auction on a state-of-the-art auction platform. The auction design is identical to the ICANN Last-Resort Auction, except that the winner&#8217;s payment is split equally among the sellers (those not bidding the highest for the particular string). This kind of mock auction has proven highly effective to participants attempting to understand issues of bidding strategy, as well as the mechanics of bidding, in similar auction settings. Learning about strategy is relevant to any private auction as well as to the ICANN Last-Resort Auction.</div>
<div></div>
<div>Many of you have already registered for the conference. For those who have not here are relevant links:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.123signup.com/register?id=bfrdq">Register here</a>Â for the conference (registration is required, but free); it only takes a few minutes.</li>
<li>You may want to book a room at theÂ <a href="http://goo.gl/668Rx" target="_blank">Marriott Santa Monica here</a>Â (or call BethÂ +1Â 310 899 6111 and mention Cramton Associates); alternatively you can simply extend your stay at another hotel and taxi over in the morning.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>To better understand what the Applicant Auction is about please take a look at the following two posts on CircleID:</div>
<div><a href="http://goo.gl/adiwB">Making the Most of the Draw: The Applicant Auction Conference</a></div>
<div><a href="http://goo.gl/G81U3">Applicant Auction for Top-Level-Domains: Resolving Contention Fairly, Efficiently, and Transparently</a></div>
<div></div>
<div>Finally if you want to get into the technical details of bidding incentives and bidding strategy take a look at our research paper on the topic:</div>
<div><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/aa/cramton-gall-sujarittanonta-wilson-applicant-auction.pdf">Detailed research paper explaining the plan</a>Â Â [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/aa/cramton-gall-sujarittanonta-wilson-applicant-auction-presentation.pdf">Presentation</a>,Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/aa/cramton-gall-sujarittanonta-wilson-applicant-auction-short.pdf">Short Version</a>]</div>
<div></div>
<div>We look forward to a most productive exchange on December 18. For further updates I recommend following <a href="https://twitter.com/ApplicantAuc">@ApplicantAuc</a>.</div>
<div></div>
<div>Kind regards,</div>
<div></div>
<div>Peter Cramton, Chairman</div>
<div>Cramton Associates, LLC</div>
<div><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/ca/aa/">applicantauction.com</a></div>
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		<title>Medicare auction gets failing grade at Congressional hearing</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/09/18/medicare-auction-gets-failing-grade-at-congressional-hearing/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/09/18/medicare-auction-gets-failing-grade-at-congressional-hearing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Sep 2012 08:49:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=881</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>After working over two years to reform the Medicare auctions for home medical equipment (supplies like oxygen and diabetes test strips), I was finally given the opportunity to testify before Congress on the matter. Below are links to my testimony, transcript, video, and further comments:</p> <p>âMedicare Auction Reform,âÂ Testimony of Peter Cramton before the <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2012/09/18/medicare-auction-gets-failing-grade-at-congressional-hearing/">Medicare auction gets failing grade at Congressional hearing</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After working over two years to reform the Medicare auctions for home medical equipment (supplies like oxygen and diabetes test strips), I was finally given the opportunity to testify before Congress on the matter. Below are links to my testimony, transcript, video, and further comments:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-testimony-medicare-auction-reform-11-sep-2012.pdf">âMedicare Auction Reform,â</a>Â Testimony of Peter Cramton before the United States House Committee on Small Business, 11 September 2012. [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-oral-testimony-medicare-auction-reform-11-sep-2012.pdf">Oral Testimony</a>,Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/house-small-business-hearing-full-transcript-11-sep-2012.pdf">Transcript of Hearing</a>,Â <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKg2q9tM7Hg&amp;feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">Video of Hearing</a>Â (jump to:Â <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKg2q9tM7Hg#t=0h51m18s" target="_blank">my oral</a>,Â <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKg2q9tM7Hg#t=1h09m54s" target="_blank">Q&amp;A</a>), Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-house-small-business-hearing-comments-17-sep-2012.pdf">Comments of Peter Cramton</a>]</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-house-small-business-hearing-comments-17-sep-2012.pdf">Comments of Peter Cramton</a> ends with the following postscript:</p>
<p>&#8220;Immediately following the Medicare auction hearing, I left for Washington Dulles Airport to fly to London, where I spent the rest of the week advising the United Kingdomâs Department of Energy and Climate Change on the design of the UK electricity market and the Office of Communications on the UKâs upcoming 4G spectrum auction for mobile communications.</p>
<p>&#8220;The contrast with my CMS experience over the last two-years was so dramatic that I thought I had been transported to an alternate universe where truth was truth and rational thought was not only valued but essential to government decision making. My three days in London were filled with tireless informed debate of the difficult issues of designing auctions in complex economic settingsâelectricity and telecommunications. As discussed in my testimony, I am well aware that the US government also is capable of such innovative expert decision makingâmy testimony gave the FCCâs spectrum auctions and FERCâs electricity markets as clear examples.</p>
<p>&#8220;One thing I do know: Congress and the White House must act to reform the Medicare auction. If we do not effectively apply market methods to health care, Medicare is unsustainable.&#8221;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Medicare auctions update: video and legislation</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/07/18/medicare-auctions-update-video-and-legislation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/07/18/medicare-auctions-update-video-and-legislation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jul 2011 09:32:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=751</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Here is a quick update on the Medicare auctions.</p> <p>You may recall that one month ago on June 17, President Obama received aÂ letter from 244 concerned auction expertsÂ on the Medicare competitive bidding program for durable medical equipment, pointing out the fatal flaws in the Medicare auctions.</p> <p>Since that time, I and others <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/07/18/medicare-auctions-update-video-and-legislation/">Medicare auctions update: video and legislation</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a quick update on the Medicare auctions.</p>
<p>You may recall that one month ago on June 17, President Obama received aÂ <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/further-comments-of-concerned-auction-experts-on-medicare-bidding.pdf" target="_blank">letter from 244 concerned auction experts</a>Â on the Medicare competitive bidding program for durable medical equipment, pointing out the fatal flaws in the Medicare auctions.</p>
<p>Since that time, I and others have had discussions with both the administration and Congressional staff to make progress on the logical next step: repeal and reform of the existing program.</p>
<p>Today I have posted a short 12-minute videoÂ <a href="http://vimeo.com/26486255" target="_blank"><strong>âMedicare Auction Reform,â</strong></a>Â which describes the problems and provides a solution from leading experts. I encourage you to watch it.</p>
<p>I have also posted an outline ofÂ <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-statutory-repeal-and-reform.pdf" target="_blank"><strong>âRepeal and Reform Legislation for Medicare DME Auctions,â</strong></a>Â [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-statutory-repeal-and-reform.pptx" target="_blank"><strong>pptx</strong></a>].</p>
<p>To avoid program failure, the flawed Medicare auctions must be replaced with modern efficient auctions, which yield sustainable competitive market prices.</p>
<p>Reform of the auctions will bring benefits to all. Medicare beneficiaries benefit from receiving the quality goods and services they need, Medicare providers benefit from being paid sustainable competitive prices for the quality goods and services they deliver, taxpayers benefit by paying the least-cost sustainable prices for these products, and CMS, the administering agency, benefits from the numerous efficiencies that result from conducting an effective program, largely free of complaint, fraud, and corruption.</p>
<p>For further information on the Medicare auctions seeÂ <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care" target="_blank">www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/<wbr>health-care</wbr></a>.</p>
<p>Thank you for your interest.</p>
<p>Kind regards,</p>
<p>Peter</p>
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		<title>Congressional briefing on Medicare auctions identifies fatal flaws</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/29/congressional-briefing-on-medicare-auctions-identifies-fatal-flaws/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/29/congressional-briefing-on-medicare-auctions-identifies-fatal-flaws/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 May 2011 13:53:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=705</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>On 24 May 2011, a Medicare competitive bidding update was presented to Congress. The event organized by Congresswoman Nancy Johnson and Professor Peter Cramton included a diverse and talented panel of experts: Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland; Tom Milam, Member, Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC), Former COO, AmMed Direct; Barbara <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/29/congressional-briefing-on-medicare-auctions-identifies-fatal-flaws/">Congressional briefing on Medicare auctions identifies fatal flaws</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 24 May 2011, a Medicare competitive bidding update was presented to Congress. The event organized by Congresswoman Nancy Johnson and Professor Peter Cramton included a diverse and talented panel of experts: Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland; Tom Milam, Member, Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC), Former COO, AmMed Direct; Barbara Rogers, PAOC Member and President/CEO National Emphysema/COPD Association; Paul Gabos, Chief Financial Officer, Lincare, Round One Re-Bid Winner [on Video]; Robert Brandt, Owner, City Medical Services, Round One Re-Bid Winner. Congresswoman Sue Myrick (R-NC), the eventâs sponsor, provided comments.</p>
<p>A frank and honest assessment of the DME competitive bidding program was give. About 60 Hill staffers learned about the fatal flaws in the program. The briefing included a diversity of viewpoints. Barbara Rogers, a PAOC member, is a knowledgeable and articulate advocate for Medicare beneficiaries, a voice that too often goes unheard until there is a train wreck. Paul Gabos and Robert Brandt both represent DME providers who were winners in the Round One (Rebid). A second abbreviated briefing was presented to Senate Staff on the Impact of the CMS Competitive Bidding Program for Durable MedicalÂ Equipment.</p>
<p>Materials from the event including full video, transcript, and trade press articles can be found at the following links:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/house-panel-medicare-auctions-24-may-2011.pdf">Competitive Bidding Congressional UpdateâWhat You Need to Know</a>, Longworth House Office Building, sponsored by U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC), 24 May 2011. AlsoÂ Briefing for Senate Staff on the Impact of the CMS Competitive Bidding Program for Durable MedicalÂ Equipment,Â Russell Senate Office Building, 24 May 2011. [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-update-trade-press.pdf">Trade press</a>]</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://vimeo.com/24368525" target="_blank">Video of opening remarks</a> (33 minutes)Â [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-update-transcript.pdf">Transcript of entire event</a>,Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-update.pdf">Presentation</a>,Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-update.pptx">pptx with animation</a>]
<ul>
<li>Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://vimeo.com/24369318" target="_blank">Video of panelists</a> (42 minutes)
<ul>
<li>Tom Milam, Member, Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC), Former COO, AmMed Direct</li>
<li>Barbara Rogers, PAOC Member and President/CEO National Emphysema/COPD Association</li>
<li>Paul Gabos, Chief Financial Officer, Lincare, Round One Re-Bid Winner</li>
<li>Robert Brandt, Owner, City Medical Services, Round One Re-Bid Winner</li>
<li>Nancy Johnson, 24-year Congresswoman (R-CT)</li>
<li>Sue Myrick, Congresswoman (R-NC)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Congressional briefing on incentive auctions to re-purpose TV spectrum</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/25/congressional-briefing-on-incentive-auctions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/25/congressional-briefing-on-incentive-auctions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 May 2011 09:38:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spectrum Auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=694</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>On 23 May 2011, a Congressional briefing,Â &#8220;Spectrum Incentive Auctions: the Nuts, Bolts and Economics,&#8221; hosted by the Technology Policy Institute, focused on the economics of auctions and how spectrum incentive auctions should be structured to provide the most efficient outcomes for stakeholders.</p> <p>The FCC and the Administration want to make 120 MHz of <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/25/congressional-briefing-on-incentive-auctions/">Congressional briefing on incentive auctions to re-purpose TV spectrum</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 23 May 2011, a Congressional briefing,Â &#8220;<a href="http://www.techpolicyinstitute.org/events/show/96.html" target="_blank">Spectrum Incentive Auctions: the Nuts, Bolts and Economics</a>,&#8221; hosted by the Technology Policy Institute, focused on the economics of auctions and how spectrum incentive auctions should be structured to provide the most efficient outcomes for stakeholders.</p>
<p>The FCC and the Administration want to make 120 MHz of spectrum currently used for broadcast available for other, presumably higher-value, wireless uses.Â Â Policymakers are proposing using voluntary auctions to encourage broadcasters to sell their licenses, but questions remain on how these incentive auctions would work in practice. TheÂ panelists and the presentations (in order of presentation) were:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><strong><strong>Scott Wallsten</strong></strong></strong>, Vice President for Research, Technology Policy Institute (moderator)<strong><strong><br />
</strong></strong></li>
<li><strong><strong>Evan Kwerel</strong></strong>, Senior Economic Advisor, Federal Communications CommissionÂ [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/kwerel-incentive-auctions-congress.pdf">Presentation</a>]<strong><br />
</strong></li>
<li><strong>Peter Cramton</strong>, Professor of Economics, University of MarylandÂ [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-incentive-auctions-congress.pdf">Presentation</a>, <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-incentive-auctions-congress.pptx">pptx with animation</a>]</li>
<li><strong>Karen Wrege</strong>, Senior Auction Consultant, Power Auctions LLCÂ [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/wrege-incentive-auctions-congress.pdf">Presentation</a>]</li>
<li><strong><strong>Lawrence Ausubel</strong></strong>, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/ausubel-incentive-auctions-congress.pdf">Presentation</a>]<strong><br />
</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>The event was well-covered in the trade press. Some examples are given below:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="more-694"></span>TR Daily</p>
<p><strong>EXPERTS: CONGRESS SHOULD LEAVE DETAILS OF INCENTIVE AUCTIONS PLAN UP TO FCC</strong></p>
<p>Congress should leave the mechanics of incentive auctions up to the FCC if it passes legislation authorizing the sales, auction experts said at a Capitol Hill event today. The experts warned lawmakers &#8211; and the Commission &#8211; against taking particular steps that they said could thwart the FCCâs hopes of reallocating 120 megahertz of TV spectrum for wireless broadband services. Several of the speakers also predicted that it would take up to two years for the FCC to complete preparation for an auction if legislation passes.</p>
<p>âWe donât know right now what the best way to do this [is], and we need a lot of flexibility to figure it out,â Evan Kwerel, a senior economic adviser at the FCC, said at a luncheon event sponsored by the Technology Policy Institute.</p>
<p>He said Congress granted the Commission such flexibility when it first authorized the agency to hold auctions in 1993, adding that the agencyâs proposed plan then was âway differentâ than what it ended up adopting after receiving input from academic experts during âan evolutionary process.â The incentive auctions regime âwill evolve through a process like it did before, which is a collaborative processâ that will include consultation with industry and academia,â Mr. Kwerel said.</p>
<p>The other speakers at todayâs event, who are experts in auction design, agreed that Congress should let the Commission set the auction rules.</p>
<p>âThe legislation needs to be intentionally vague,â said Lawrence Ausubel, an economics professor at the University of Maryland who is also chairman and founder of Power Auctions, Inc., and president of Market Design, Inc. âThere are a lot of delicate aspects of this operation, and poorly drafted legislation could simply stop this valuable program dead in its tracks.â He also said, âThe FCC is very well-tuned into auction design. Congress is not.â</p>
<p>Mr. Ausubel offered some suggestions to lawmakers. He said the legislation should provide âexplicit authorityâ for the Commission to hold an auction in which spectrum is both bought and sold and to relocate and repack TV licensees. He suggested the FCC could be âmost vulnerableâ to a legal challenge on the repacking issue. He also said the legislation should state that broadcasters that return spectrum will retain their âmust carryâ rights.</p>
<p>Peter Cramton, a University of Maryland economics professor and chairman of Market Design, suggested that there are a number of ways Congress and the FCC could hurt the prospects of incentive auctions. For Congress, lawmakers shouldnât âimpose restrictions on which broadcasters can participate in the auction,â Mr. Cramton. âThat would be insane. Donât do it,â he said. Similarly, lawmakers should not make repacking voluntary. âThat would destroy the auction,â Mr. Cramton said. He also warned Congress not to âget too greedyâ and try to stipulate what percentage of auction revenues must go to the U.S. Treasury.</p>
<p>As for the FCC, he also said it shouldnât impose limits on stations that can participate or make repacking voluntary. He also said the FCC should ensure it addresses âcompetitive concernsâ in the industry. Regarding the last point, he suggested the agency ensure it makes more spectrum available for unlicensed applications.</p>
<p>Mr. Cramton also stressed the importance of TV spectrum reallocation being a voluntary process, saying it was both more efficient as well as âpolitically expedient.â âThe broadcast lobby has a lot of power in Washington,â he noted. Mr. Ausubel suggested the FCC could adopt âcompetitive preferencesâ in the auction to ensure it attracts smaller entrants.</p>
<p>Karen Wrege, a senior auction consultant for Power Auctions who managed FCC auctions for 11 years, mocked the supply and demand curves of the economists on the panel. She said broadcasters wonât need to use those to decide whether they want to sell their spectrum.</p>
<p>Right now, she said, âthey donât want to do this.â But if Congress passes the legislation, she said she believes stations will seriously consider if it is in their best interest. âI believe thereâs a price,â she said.</p>
<p>But she said it is crucial for the process to be âsimple for broadcastersâ to understand. For example, they need to know how much they will be compensated and how repacking will work. She said the FCC should publish the repacking algorithm it uses, and ideally provide software so broadcasters can test it. The Commission should also publish pricing rules and provide software so that industry can test it. The FCC should also hold a mock auction âwith a working prototypeâ of the repacking software, she said. âEverybody gets more comfortable when they really understand the nuts and bolts of it,â she said.</p>
<p>Ms. Wrege agreed that Congress should let the FCC make decisions about how the auction is designed, saying, âThe legislation should leave the design details out.â</p>
<p>As for how long it would take for the FCC to prepare for an auction if Congress authorizes one, Mr. Cramton and Ms. Wrege suggested two years and Mr. Ausubel said 18 months to two years. Mr. Kwerel did not speculate but he said, âI donât want to rush this thing.â He said the FCC would test the auction design first to ensure its economics were correct. He also said it might contract the auction duties to outside experts, as it has done with previous auctions.</p>
<p>He also provided some details of the current thinking of FCC officials on the auctionâs design, which he acknowledged could change.</p>
<p>He said the FCC is mulling âtwo alternative designsâ that are âessentially equivalentâ in terms of the outcome.</p>
<p>In sequential auctions, an incentive auction would feature binding offers from broadcasters to sell spectrum and either share a channel with another broadcaster, discontinue over-the-air broadcasting, or move to an upper or VHF band channel, while a âforwardâ auction would feature binding bids to buy spectrum. Based on those actions, the FCC would be able to determine the amount of spectrum that could be cleared. The Commission would repack stations and winning offers would be accepted.</p>
<p>The goal would be to find âthe least costly way to clear various amounts of contiguous spectrumâ in each market, Mr. Kwerel said, which he said is ânot an obvious thing.â</p>
<p>An alternative would be to use a double auction, in which the first three steps are done at the same time, followed by repacking, Mr. Kwerel said. He said the sequential approach is easier to do.</p>
<p>He also stressed that there wonât be any âmysteryâ about the spectrum being offered for sale by broadcasters, saying, âYouâll know everything before you actually close the deal.â</p>
<p>In a related development, Rep. Joseph R. Pitts (R., Pa.) wrote FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski today to ask the FCC to keep the needs of TV viewers in mind as it seeks to reallocate spectrum. âAmericans should not lose reliable access to quality broadcast programming as a result of spectrum policies that could reduce viewer reception of local stations,â the congressman wrote. âSimilarly, they should not lose potential services because of new spectrum taxes on local stations.â &#8211; Paul Kirby,<a href="mailto:paul.kirby@wolterskluwer.com" target="_blank">paul.kirby@wolterskluwer.com</a></p>
<p><!--more-->CommDaily</p>
<p>Economists Say &#8216;Flexible&#8217; Incentive Auctions Law Would Give Best Return</p>
<p>Congress should be vague in legislation authorizing voluntary incentive auctions at the FCC, saidÂ commission and outside economists and consultants at a Technology Policy Institute lunch Monday.</p>
<p>While the economists opposed forcing broadcasters and other holders to give up their spectrum, they said</p>
<p>itâs not a good idea also to make the repacking process voluntary. Some urged the FCC to address competition</p>
<p>in auction rules due to increasing consolidation in the wireless industry.</p>
<p>âWe donât know right now what the best way [is] to doâ voluntary incentive auctions, said FCC</p>
<p>senior economic advisor Evan Kwerel. âWe need a lot of flexibility [from Congress] to figure it out.&#8221;</p>
<p>The commission will develop rules through a âcollaborativeâ process taking into account views of industry</p>
<p>and academics âto get the best design that meets the objectives that Congress sets for us,â Kwerel said.</p>
<p>The FCC understands auctions and is best suited to make the rules, said Karen Wrege, senior auction</p>
<p>consultant for Power Auctions. âThe legislation should leave the design details out.&#8221; Lawrence</p>
<p>Ausubel, economics professor at the University of Maryland, agreed: âItâs not only easier to write vague</p>
<p>legislation; itâs also better. &#8230; There are a lot of delicate aspects of this operation, and poorly drafted legislation</p>
<p>could simply stop this valuable program dead in its tracks.â</p>
<p>Congress could âscrew upâ if legislation imposed restrictions like requiring certain types of stations</p>
<p>to maintain over-the-air broadcasts, said Peter Cramtom, an economics professor at the University of</p>
<p>Maryland. Another mistake would be to specify a percentage of auction proceeds going to the U.S. Treasury,</p>
<p>he said. That could âcause enormous harmâ because it may force the government to withhold spectrum</p>
<p>from the market just so it can meet the percentage. âSince we donât know what the supply and demand</p>
<p>curve looks like, Congress is in no position to make a judgment about what fraction of the revenues</p>
<p>should go to the Treasury,â he said.</p>
<p>While giving up spectrum should be voluntary, repacking should be mandatory, the economists</p>
<p>agreed. âIt accomplishes absolutely nothing if some broadcasters express a willingness to clear and weâre</p>
<p>left with a checkerboard of spectrum,â said Ausubel. The FCC already has authority to force TV stations</p>
<p>to move âas long as they give them an equivalent channel,â Kwerel said. But Ausubel suggested placing</p>
<p>explicit FCC repacking authority in voluntary auctions legislation anyway. âThat seems like the most vulnerable</p>
<p>spot where there could be lawsuits,â he said. âWhile I believe they already have this authority,</p>
<p>who knows what the court of appeals will think.â</p>
<p>Broadcasters will give up spectrum for the right price, said Wrege. Some broadcasters right now</p>
<p>may say they oppose incentive auctions âat any priceâ because they donât want to move, she said. âBut if</p>
<p><strong><!--more-->COMMUNICATIONS DAILYâ8 TUESDAY, MAY 24, 2011</strong></p>
<p>Congress passes this &#8230; it provides an opportunity for broadcasters to really decide whether or not itâs</p>
<p>worth it, whether or not thereâs a price at which they would rather not do over-the-air broadcasts,â Wrege</p>
<p>said. âI believe thereâs a price.&#8221; To encourage broadcasters, the auction process must be simple and spectrum</p>
<p>holders must know they will be compensated, she said.</p>
<p>Legislation should include a âmust carryâ clause saying broadcasters who give up spectrum will</p>
<p>not lose their right to be carried on cable and satellite networks, Ausubel said. âIf anything is done to</p>
<p>make broadcasters hesitant about participating, itâs the fear that giving up over-the-air broadcasting is going</p>
<p>to have the result of forfeiting their must-carry rights on the vehicles with which people actually watch</p>
<p>their shows,â cable and satellite, he said.</p>
<p>âBasic economicsâ says that an AT&amp;T/T-Mobile combination would reduce the amount of money</p>
<p>that Verizon and AT&amp;T will pay for spectrum in auctions, Ausubel said. âTheyâre going to bid less because</p>
<p>there are fewer of them,â he said. To counter that, there could be âgreater reliance on reserve prices in the</p>
<p>auction than there was in the pastâ and âgreater need for competitive measures to encourage active bidding by</p>
<p>a third and fourth firm,â he said. Cramtom agreed that the FCC should address competitive issues in its auction</p>
<p>rules. Two carriers owned most 700 MHz spectrum, he said. âWe need to have more than a duopoly.â</p>
<p>The FCC process to make incentive auction rules could take two years, said Cramtom and Wrege.</p>
<p>Kwerel refused to guess a time frame, but said the FCC will go through its normal rulemaking process. âI</p>
<p>donât think we want to rush this thing,â he said. The FCC doesnât want to be âdilatory,â but âit takes time</p>
<p>to do things quickly.&#8221; âÂ <strong><em>Adam Bender</em></strong></p>
<p><strong> <!--more-->Politico</strong></p>
<p><strong>ECONOMIST GOES AFTER BROADCASTERS â </strong>University of Maryland economics professor Peter Cramton criticized broadcasters Monday for resisting an FCC spectrum auction, saying he hasn&#8217;t seen over-the-air TV in 25 years.</p>
<p>&#8220;Letâs look at the value of over-the-air TV broadcasts. They&#8217;ve been on exponential decline since about 1985. More and more consumers are getting their TV via cable and satellite. The college students, they get it through the Internet, by and large. They donât have TV sets,&#8221; Cramton said at aÂ TechnologyÂ PolicyÂ InstituteÂ Hill event on spectrum auctions. &#8220;The value of mobile broadband is growing exponentially. Itâs very obvious to everybody. Donât believe it for a minute when a broadcaster says (an auction) is a bad idea, and that broadcast over-the-air TV is absolutely wonderful.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>âKEEP IT SIMPLE FOR BROADCASTERSâ â</strong> Auction consultant Karen Wrege defended broadcasters&#8217; skepticism. &#8220;Broadcasters must fully understand how they will be compensated,&#8221; she said at the event. &#8220;Why would I participate if there is some unknown? I need to know that I&#8217;m going to get my bottom line.&#8221; She urged the FCC to publish its repacking algorithm and provide software for broadcasters to test.</p>
<p><strong>SPECTRUM AUCTION TEST MAY BE ON HORIZON â</strong> Wrege suggested the FCC conduct a &#8220;mock auction&#8221; with a working prototype of repacking software to give broadcasters a better idea of what an auction would look like. She also told the FCC to consider doing a pilot project, or at least test the auction in a laboratory. FCC economist Evan Kwerel seemed to agree â he later said the agency would likely do some &#8220;experimental testing&#8221; while designing an auction.</p>
<p><!--more-->A <a href="http://broadbandbreakfast.com/2011/05/technology-policy-institute-panel-discusses-spectrum-incentive-auctions/" target="_blank">post</a> byÂ <span style="font-size: 15px;"><a title="Posts by Rahul Gaitonde" href="http://broadbandbreakfast.com/author/rahul-gaitonde/">Rahul Gaitonde</a>, Deputy Editor, BroadbandBreakfast.com</span></p>
<p>WASHINGTON May 24, 2011 â The Technology Policy Institute assembled auction experts Monday to discuss the value and mechanics of proposed spectrum incentive auctions.</p>
<p>âMarkets work best when there are rules for the market players to act within,â said Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland. âIncreasingly people are getting their television service through cable and satellite making the mobile broadband market a much more valuable use for the spectrum currently held by television broadcasters.â</p>
<p>Voluntary incentive auctions would allow current spectrum owners to auction of part or all of their spectrum holdings and obtain a part of the proceeds.</p>
<p>Cramton said that any auction would allow for three possible actions on the part of the broadcasters; keep their entire spectrum holdings, sell a portion of their holdings or sell their entire holdings.</p>
<p>According to Cramton many broadcasters could sell half their holdings and still maintain a robust broadcast area. Using multicasting technology, broadcasters could share a single channel allowing them to transmit up to two high definition signals or five standard definition signals.</p>
<p>âThe broadcasters do not want this right now; they feel as though they have just been forced to be moved under the DTV transition,â said Karen Wrege, Senior Auction Consultant, Power Auctions LLC. âBut they will sell their holdings for a price. They know the value of their spectrum and will be able to determine through the auction if itâs worth holding on to or selling.â</p>
<p>Moving spectrum licenses for the purposes of improved management and better uses is not new, according to Wrege. The practice has occurred since the Federal Communications Commission began managing the radio spectrum. She also called on the Commission to ensure that the auction process is transparent, with well-established rules.</p>
<p>To improve the auction process, Wrege suggested that the FCC conduct a mock auction with possible participants to test out the proposed rules.</p>
<p>Evan Kwerel, Senior Economic Advisor at the Federal Communications Commission, approved of Wrengeâs suggestion saying that it is likely that before any auction occurs the commission will conduct a number of mock auctions in the lab.</p>
<p>Kwerel went on to say that, while the issue of spectrum auctions is being talked about as a quick solution to the spectrum crunch, the actual auctions would not take place for a while. The FCC â while proficient in auction design â will take many months to study the issue before any rulemaking occurs. Additionally, the comment period alone would last months.</p>
<p>Other panel participants estimated that it would take the Commission nearly two years from Congressional approval of auction legislation to when the auction would occur.</p>
<p>Lawrence Ausubel, Professor of Economics at University of Maryland called the auction a possible solution for the increasing market concentration occurring in the mobile broadband market.</p>
<p>âOne of the primary reasons why AT&amp;T is buying T-Mobile is to acquire more spectrum since they cannot buy it in the open market,â Ausubel said. âThe auction will create a large amount of supply which will allow for the possibilities of new entrants.â</p>
<p>Cramton supported the idea that the auction would allow for increased competition, but observed that in most developed countries there are only three or four major operators with a handful of regional options.</p>
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		<title>Congressional briefing on Medicare auction program</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/23/hill-briefing-on-medicare-auctions/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/23/hill-briefing-on-medicare-auctions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 May 2011 11:37:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=684</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>I wish to announce an important event on the Hill on Tuesday, discussing the Medicare DME Competitive Bidding Program:</p> <p>Competitive Bidding Congressional UpdateâWhat You Need to Know, 11-12:30, 24 May 2011, 1539 Longworth House Office Building, sponsored by U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC).</p> <p>The event is organized by former Congresswoman Nancy Johnson and myself, <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/05/23/hill-briefing-on-medicare-auctions/">Congressional briefing on Medicare auction program</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wish to announce an important event on the Hill on Tuesday, discussing the Medicare DME Competitive Bidding Program:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/house-panel-medicare-auctions-24-may-2011.pdf"><strong>Competitive Bidding Congressional UpdateâWhat You Need to Know</strong></a>, 11-12:30, 24 May 2011, 1539 Longworth House Office Building, sponsored by U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC).</p>
<p>The event is organized by former Congresswoman Nancy Johnson and myself, and includes an excellent and broad panel of experts:</p>
<p>Peter Cramton, Professor of Economics, University of Maryland</p>
<p>Tom Milam, Member, Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC), Former COO, AmMed Direct</p>
<p>Barbara Rogers, PAOC Member and President/CEO National Emphysema/COPD Association</p>
<p>Paul Gabos, Chief Financial Officer, Lincare, Round One Re-Bid Winner [on Video]</p>
<p>Robert Brandt, Owner, City Medical Services, Round One Re-Bid Winner</p>
<p>Congresswoman Sue Myrick (R-NC) will provide comments.</p>
<p>The event will present a frank and honest assessment of the DME competitive bidding program. Hill staffers and Representatives will learn about the fatal flaws in the program. The briefing will include a diversity of viewpoints. Barbara Rogers, a PAOC member, is a knowledgeable and articulate advocate for Medicare beneficiaries, a voice that too often goes unheard until there&#8217;s a train wreck. Paul Gabos and Robert Brandt both represent DME providers who were winners in the Round One (Rebid). We chose winners to speak to be clear that the remarks are not &#8220;sour grapes&#8221; from auction losers.</p>
<p>Over the last nine months, I have learned that CMS requires more direction from Congress on the DME program. Congress must insist, through legislation, that CMS conduct efficient auctions consistent with best practice and science. The auctions must be transparent and an Independent Market Monitor must observe all aspects of the market and report directly to the Secretary of Health and Human Services about potential problems and solutions.</p>
<p>The current CMS auction approach is a scandal now and ultimately will be a train wreck. The only reason we have not seen the train wreck yet is that CMS has almost complete flexibility to set prices in the current system. But make no mistake: these prices are arbitrary and unrelated to providers&#8217; costs. It is absurd for CMS to claim that &#8220;all is well&#8221; given such a process. Yet that is what they have done in the nine months since I first looked at the Medicare competitive bidding program.</p>
<p>The stakes are enormously high. Congress must insist on fundamental reform. Fortunately, auction experts in collaboration with industry and other stakeholders can easily develop an efficient auction process in this setting. This was demonstrated at the Medicare Auction Conference held at the University of Maryland on 1 April 2011. Congress simply needs to insist that CMS use efficient auction methods.</p>
<p>Later in the afternoon, I will give a briefing for Senate staff:</p>
<p>Briefing for Senate Staff on the Impact of the CMS Competitive Bidding Program for Durable MedicalÂ Equipment,Â Russell Senate Office Building, 24 May 2011.</p>
<p>My presentation for both events are available here:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-update.pdf">Medicare Auction Update, University of Maryland, 24 May 2011</a> [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-medicare-auction-update.pptx">pptx with animation</a>]</p>
<p>As background you may want to see the video that provides some highlights from the Medicare Auction Conference that was held at the University of Maryland on 1 April 2011:</p>
<p><a title="Medicare Auction Highlights" href="http://goo.gl/OUn5Q" target="_blank"><strong>Summary video of conference highlights</strong></a> (35 minutes)</p>
<p>A wealth of additional background information is available at <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/</a>.</p>
<p>For those who cannot attend, the briefing will be posted on my web site later in the week.</p>
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		<title>PAOC meeting on Medicare competitive bidding: The train wreck hasn&#8217;t happened yet</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/06/paoc-meeting-on-medicare-competitive-bidding-the-train-wreck-hasnt-happened-yet/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/06/paoc-meeting-on-medicare-competitive-bidding-the-train-wreck-hasnt-happened-yet/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Apr 2011 22:28:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=644</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ <p>Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC)</p> <p>Dear PAOC Members:</p> <p>On 5 April 2011, you met at CMS headquarters in Baltimore to examine the status of the Medicare competitive bidding program. I was grateful that the meeting was open to the public and that I had an opportunity to meet many of you. I <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/06/paoc-meeting-on-medicare-competitive-bidding-the-train-wreck-hasnt-happened-yet/">PAOC meeting on Medicare competitive bidding: The train wreck hasn&#8217;t happened yet</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>
<p>Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (PAOC)</p>
<p>Dear PAOC Members:</p>
</div>
<p>On 5 April 2011, you met at CMS headquarters in Baltimore to examine the status of the Medicare competitive bidding program. I was grateful that the meeting was open to the public and that I had an opportunity to meet many of you. I was also grateful that I had an opportunity to voice my views. Some of you asked if I would put my comments in writing, so that it could be part of the public record. That is the purpose of this letter.</p>
<p>We learned from presentations by CMS that the train wreck predicted by auction experts and others has not yet occurred. The program was implemented in nine regions beginning 1 January 2011. Part of the reason is that it takes some time for inventories to run out, for companies to go out of business, and other indicators of failure to appear. Ninety days is too short a time to see the impact of a poor market design, especially given the grandfathering rules for continued service.</p>
<p>In addition, despite the fact that low-ball bidding,Â <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-ellermeyer-katzman-medicare-auction-designed-to-fail.pdf">predicted by theory</a>, was rampant (according to numerous bidder reports), the prices that came out of the auctionâs bizarre pricing rule were made more reasonable by CMSâ manipulation of quantities. CMS can and did change the slope of the supply curve and hence the set of bids that were included in the median price. This non-transparent manipulation allows CMS to set nearly any price between the lowest and highest bid. Also, bids are already constrained by a floor and a ceiling. The âauctionâ is really not an auction at all, but an arbitrary pricing mechanism.</p>
<p>Despite the absence of a train wreck in the first 90 days, please do not sit back and conclude that all is well. One can think back on the early years of the California electricity market. Despite its poor design, the market appeared to work perfectly for more than two years before the market was stressed in late 2000 and crashed in crisis in 2001. The poor market design cost California tens of billions. The stakes are even higher here.</p>
<p>My comments during the public comment period are summarized in</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-paoc-meeting-comments-11-april-2011.pdf">âPublic Comments of Peter Cramton at PAOC Meeting on Medicare DME Competitive Bidding Program,â</a> 5 April 2011.</p>
<p>I have attached the comments, which are brief and to the point.</p>
<p>My final comment has to do with the creation of an independent market monitor. The market monitor is distinct from the PAOC and serves a different role. The market monitor has access to all the data available to CMS including confidential data. The market monitor is an expert in market design and in the Medicare DME market in particular. The market monitor is hired by and reports to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. The use of an independent market monitor is standard practice in complex markets like electricity markets. The approach has been adopted by all electricity markets in the United States. The market monitor brings valuable expertise. Market problems are more quickly identified and addressed with the use of a market monitor as an independent check. The market monitor has the responsibility to advise the Secretary, the PAOC, CMS and the public on the market. The market monitor has the responsibility to periodically report on the state of the market, typically quarterly. The market monitor does not make decisions with respect to the market. Decisions are made by CMS and the Secretary. The market monitorâs role is limited to advice and reporting.</p>
<p>Again, it was a pleasure meeting you in Baltimore. I hope my comments are helpful to the PAOC as we move toward the critical development of Round 2. My view is that it is essential to open the regulation to change. Pushing forward with the status quoÂžan auction design that all experts agree is fatally flawedÂžwould be irresponsible. If you disagree with this sentence, then I urge you to study carefully the information on <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/</a>. There is a wealth of independent and objective expert information there. As you can tell, I am a huge fan of transparency.</p>
<p>Many thanks for your public service.</p>
<p>Kind regards,</p>
<p>Peter Cramton</p>
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		<title>Medicare auction update: It still needs to be fixed!</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/05/medicare-auction-update/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/05/medicare-auction-update/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2011 14:54:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicare auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=634</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>On 1 April 2011, 110 stakeholders in the Medicare Durable Medical Equipment (DME) industry came to the University of Maryland to discuss how the CMSâ current competitive bidding program could be improved. The participants included Medicare providers, government leaders, and auction experts. A major part of the event was the conduct of a mock <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/04/05/medicare-auction-update/">Medicare auction update: It still needs to be fixed!</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On 1 April 2011, 110 stakeholders in the Medicare Durable Medical Equipment (DME) industry came to the University of Maryland to discuss how the CMSâ current competitive bidding program could be improved. The participants included Medicare providers, government leaders, and auction experts. A major part of the event was the conduct of a mock auction based on the auction design proposed in <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-auction-design-for-medicare.pdf">Cramton (2011a)</a>. This design addresses the fatal flaws in the CMS design <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/comments-of-concerned-auction-experts-on-medicare-bidding.pdf">(Letter from experts, 2010)</a>. The proposed design has been shown to be highly effective in theory <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-ellermeyer-katzman-medicare-auction-designed-to-fail.pdf">(Cramton et al. 2011)</a>, in the experimental lab <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/caltech-experiments-on-medicare-auction.pdf">(Merlob et al. 2010)</a>, and in practice (<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2000-2004/ausubel-cramton-auctioning-many-divisible-goods.pdf">Ausubel and Cramton 2004</a>, <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2005-2009/ausubel-cramton-dynamic-auctions-in-procurement.pdf">2006</a>).</p>
<p>The materials below present the conference discussion as well as the mock auction results.</p>
<p>There were many highlights in the event. Here are a few:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://vimeo.com/21815850">Peter Cramton</a> describing the process of effective market design, using the best available science, as dictated by President Obamaâs <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/improving-regulation-and-regulatory-review-executive-order">Executive Order on Regulation</a> (18 January 2011).</li>
<li><a href="http://vimeo.com/21942973">Tom Bradley</a>, Chief, Medicare Cost Estimates,Â <em>Congressional Budget Office</em>, explaining that the current CMS auction results in arbitrary prices unrelated to the market clearing price and that the current program would fail with near certainty if not reformed.</li>
<li>Nancy Johnson, 24-year Congresswoman (R-CT), Senior Public Policy Advisor,Â <em>Baker Donelson</em>, speaking beautifully about the importance of fixing the Medicare competitive bidding program through an effective collaboration among industry, government, and auction experts.<em> </em></li>
<li>Evan Kwerel, Senior Economic Advisor,Â <em>Federal Communications Commission</em>, pointing out that many of the reasons given by those opposing auctions for why auctions canât work apply equally well to the alternative of administrative pricing. At the very least, those who oppose auctions need to suggest an alternative that can be compared with the approach of fixing the current auctions.</li>
<li>Nancy Lutz, Program Director, Economics,Â <em>National Science Foundation</em>, stating that if the auction design does not work in theory, it won&#8217;t work in practice, and that if the auction design does not work in the experimental lab, it won&#8217;t work in practice. These insights are established in countless scientific studies. (The papers cited above show that the CMS design fails in theory and fails in the experimental lab.)</li>
</ul>
<p>Most importantly, the mock auction demonstrated the feasibility of the proposal as well as its excellent performance. Despite the complex bidding environment, the mock auction achieved extremely high levels of economic efficiency. Moreover, the participants were able to understand the auction format and auction platform, and successfully execute bidding strategies for 6 products in 9 regions, all in a matter of hours. The conference also demonstrated the advantages of advancing the Medicare auctions through a collaboration among industry, government, and auction experts. To avoid program failure, the Medicare auctions must be reformed to take advantage of modern auction methods.</p>
<p>All these materials are available at <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/</a>.</p>
<p>The materials now include:</p>
<p><a title="Medicare Auction Conference" href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/medicare-auction-conference/"><strong>Medicare Auction Conference</strong></a>,Â <a href="http://www.marriott.com/hotels/travel/wasum-the-marriott-inn-and-conference-center-university-of-maryland-university-college/" target="_blank"><strong>Inn &amp; Conference Center</strong></a>, University of Maryland, 1 April 2011.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Opening Remaks" href="http://vimeo.com/21815850" target="_blank"><strong>Video of opening remarks</strong></a>
<ul>
<li>Peter       Cramton, Professor of Economics,Â <em>University       of Maryland (</em>20 minutes) [<a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-auction-design-for-medicare-talk.pdf"><strong>Presentation</strong></a>]</li>
<li>Jonathan       Blum, Deputy Administrator,Â <em>Centers       for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services</em> (10 minutes)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a title="Medicare Auction Final Panel" href="http://vimeo.com/21942973" target="_blank"><strong>Video      of final panel: What have we learned?</strong></a>
<ul>
<li>Tom       Bradley, Chief, Medicare Cost Estimates,Â <em>Congressional Budget Office</em></li>
<li>Walt       Gorski,Â  Vice President, Government Affairs,Â <em>American Association for       Homecare</em></li>
<li>Nancy       Johnson, 24-year Congresswoman (R-CT), Senior Public Policy       Advisor,Â <em>Baker       Donelson</em></li>
<li>Thomas       Kruse, President and CEO,Â <em>Hoveround       Corporation</em></li>
<li>Evan       Kwerel, Senior Economic Advisor,Â <em>Federal       Communications Commission</em></li>
<li>Wayne       Sale, Chairman, NAIMES, and President and CEO,Â <em>Health First</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-auction-for-medicare-durable-medical-equipment.pdf"><strong>âAn Auction for Medicare Durable Medical Equipment:      Evidence from an Industry Mock Auction,â</strong></a> Working Paper, University of      Maryland, April 2011.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-results-1-april-2011.zip"><strong>Data visualization of auction results and raw data</strong><strong> </strong></a>(<a title="Download free Tableau reader" href="http://www.tableausoftware.com/products/reader" target="_blank"><strong>Tableau      Reader</strong></a> to      view data visualization)</li>
<li><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/pcramton/201104MedicareAuctionConference?feat=directlink" target="_blank"><strong>Photos from conference</strong></a> (Please send your photos toÂ <a href="mailto:pcramton@gmail.com"><strong>pcramton@gmail.com</strong></a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-participants-1-april-2011.pdf"><strong>Participant list</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers/health-care/medicare-auction-conference/medicare-auction-conference-program/"><strong>Program of Medicare Auction Conference</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-conference-invitation.pdf"><strong>InvitationÂ to Medicare Auction Conference</strong></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/medicare-auction-conference-press-release.pdf"><strong>Press release announcing conference</strong></a></li>
<li>Trade      press on conference announcement:Â <a title="HomeCare on conference" href="http://rdd.me/t6lpr9hg" target="_blank"><strong>HomeCare      7 Mar</strong></a>,Â <a title="Conference update" href="http://rdd.me/7zwqxcx4" target="_blank"><strong>HomeCare 10 Mar</strong></a></li>
</ul>
<p>I will post the full video of the presentations and other panels in the next several days as soon as they become available.</p>
<p>Thank you for your interest in this important issue.</p>
<p>Kind regards,</p>
<p>Peter Cramton</p>
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		<title>New trends in mechanism design</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/02/21/new-trends-in-mechanism-design/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/02/21/new-trends-in-mechanism-design/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Feb 2011 19:25:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Auctions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=559</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>5-9 September 2011</p> <p>Copenhagen Business School Denmark</p> <p>Workshop and Summer School organized by CFEM, Center for Research in the Foundations of Electronic Markets</p> <p>New Trends in Mechanism Design will bring together researchers from economics and computer science working on the design and analysis of economic mechanisms and on applications of such mechanism to solve <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/02/21/new-trends-in-mechanism-design/">New trends in mechanism design</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>5-9 September 2011</p>
<p>Copenhagen Business School<br />
Denmark</p>
<p>Workshop and Summer School organized by<br />
CFEM, Center for Research in the Foundations of Electronic Markets</p>
<p>New Trends in Mechanism Design will bring together researchers from economics and computer science working on the design and analysis of economic mechanisms and on applications of such mechanism to solve real-life economic problems for companies, organizations and governments. The workshop will cover both the design of mechanisms using game theoretical analysis of incentives, and the calibration of mechanisms using experimental techniques. A main focus of the workshop will be contributions from computer science to the field of mechanism design. Over the last decade, such contributions have intensified due to the challenges raised by new application domains in the age of the Internet, in some case leading to exciting new theoretical models. The applications considered at the workshop include (but are not restricted to) auctions, including procurement auctions, combinatorial auctions, sale of digital goods, online advertising, virtual sales of production and storage capacity, pricing and tariff schemes, cost allocation mechanisms, matching systems, regulatory mechanisms like yardstick competition, and benchmarking.</p>
<p>The workshop will be organized with only one stream of presentations. The presentations will include talks from leading invited scholars, a limited number of contributed long talks, as well as two sessions with contributed short (5-10 minutes) presentations of key ideas and findings and panel discussions on key challenges. A tutorial on mechanism design for students and other newcomers to the field is held in the beginning of the week. The program will allow for plenty of interaction between participants.</p>
<p>To submit a talk (long or short) for consideration, send an abstract or a full paper by email tocfem@cs.au.dk before 1 May 2011. The notification date is 1 July 2011.</p>
<p>Registration for the workshop begins 1 June 2011 at <a href="http://www.cfem.dk" target="_blank">www.cfem.dk</a>.</p>
<p>Confirmed keynote speakers:<br />
Peter Cramton, University of Maryland<br />
Uriel Feige, the Weizmann Institute<br />
Jason Hartline, Northwestern University<br />
Nicole Immorlica, Northwestern University<br />
Herve Moulin, Rice University<br />
Tim Roughgarden, Stanford University</p>
<p>Scientific organizers:<br />
Peter Bogetoft, Copenhagen Business School<br />
Peter Bro Miltersen, Aarhus University</p>
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		<title>Carbon market design conference</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/01/07/carbon-market-design/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/01/07/carbon-market-design/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2011 10:40:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Climate Policy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=539</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Carbon policy is an important market design problem that has been put off for too long. On 31 January-1 February there will be a two-day conference in Washington on Carbon Market Design: Issues and Opportunities.Â The conference is open to the public, but registration is required and space is limited. This should be an <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2011/01/07/carbon-market-design/">Carbon market design conference</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Carbon policy is an important market design problem that has been put off for too long. On 31 January-1 February there will be a two-day conference in Washington on <a href="http://www.ers.usda.gov/ConferenceCenter/CarbonWorkshop/agenda.htm" target="_blank">Carbon Market Design: Issues and Opportunities</a>.Â The conference is open to the public, but registration is required and space is limited. This should be an excellent event. For background on some of the broader issues of climate policy from a market design perspective I recommend you look at the <a href="http://www.global-energy.org/" target="_blank">Global Energy Policy Center</a>.</p>
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		<title>Other market design blogs</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/other-market-design-blogs/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/other-market-design-blogs/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 2010 15:39:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=528</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>There are several active blogs on market design. Two of the best are:</p> <p>1. Al Roth&#8217;s (together with Peter Coles&#8217;) Market Design blog. This blog started in 2008. It is especially strong on matching market applications, such as kidney exchanges, school choice, and hospital-medical-student matching.</p> <p>2. Noam Nisan&#8217;s Algorithmic Game-Theory/Economics blog. This blog started <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/other-market-design-blogs/">Other market design blogs</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are several active blogs on market design. Two of the best are:</p>
<p>1. Al Roth&#8217;s (together with Peter Coles&#8217;) <a title="Al Roth's Market Design Blog" href="http://marketdesigner.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Market Design blog</a>. This blog started in 2008. It is especially strong on matching market applications, such as kidney exchanges, school choice, and hospital-medical-student matching.</p>
<p>2. Noam Nisan&#8217;s <a title="Noam Nisan's Market Design blog" href="http://agtb.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Algorithmic Game-Theory/Economics blog</a>. This blog started in 2009. As the name suggests, the focus is algorithmic game theory and economics. In my terms it is market design with a computer science spin.</p>
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		<title>Alfred Kahn, market designer extraordinaire</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/alfred-kahn/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/alfred-kahn/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Dec 2010 12:48:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.umd.edu/?p=516</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Alfred Kahn died on Monday, 27 December 2010, in his Ithaca home at the age of 93. Fred lived a wonderful life and contributed enormously to society and all those who knew him. As a market design he was a pioneer. It takes a special person to be named chairman of an organization, the <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/31/alfred-kahn/">Alfred Kahn, market designer extraordinaire</a></span>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Alfred Kahn died on Monday, 27 December 2010, in his Ithaca home at the age of 93. Fred lived a wonderful life and contributed enormously to society and all those who knew him. As a market design he was a pioneer. It takes a special person to be named chairman of an organization, the CivilÂ Aeronautics Board in his case, and eliminate it. Fred recognized that the CAB served only to insulate airlines from competition. Fred&#8217;s action led the way to a deregulation movement that introduced competition into many industries, reducing prices and spurring innovation.</p>
<p>So often in market design, bringing good ideas to practice is not limited by a shortage of good ideas, but by the barriers to change that areÂ erected by those who benefit from the status quo. Fred was remarkably effective in improving the world through humor. He had a gift to make people laugh and this won over so many that the remaining obstacles to change could be overcome.</p>
<p>I will miss Fred dearly, but always remember the important lessons he taught me, and the fun I had learning them.</p>
<p><a title="New York Times Obituary" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/29/business/29kahn.html?_r=1&amp;emc=tnt&amp;tntemail0=y" target="_blank">New York Times obituary</a>; <a title="Cornell University obituary" href="http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Dec10/KahnObit.html" target="_blank">Cornell University obituary</a>.</p>
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		<title>Welcome!</title>
		<link>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/22/welcome/</link>
		<comments>http://www.cramton.umd.edu/blog/2010/12/22/welcome/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 13:00:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Peter Cramton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Market Design]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cramton.net/wordpress/?p=235</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Welcome to the market design blog on cramton.umd.edu. This blog features news and discussions on market design topics. It will take through the New Year for me to beginning adding much content to this blog, so please be patient.</p> <p>I welcome your comments and interest.</p> <p>Peter Cramton</p> ]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Welcome to the market design blog on cramton.umd.edu. This blog features news and discussions on market design topics. It will take through the New Year for me to beginning adding much content to this blog, so please be patient.</p>
<p>I welcome your comments and interest.</p>
<p>Peter Cramton</p>
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